Cutting Edge: IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T lymphocytes mediate spore-induced immunity to capsulated Bacillus anthracis.

Cutting Edge: IFN- -Producing CD4 T Lymphocytes Mediate Spore-Induced Immunity to Capsulated Bacillus anthracis

Cutting Edge: IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells mediate tumor rejection.

IL-10 has potent immunosuppressive properties, and IL-10-producing CD4+ Tr1 cells have been characterized as regulators of Th1-mediated immunity. In this study, using a s.c. model of glioma cell growth in mice, we demonstrate that CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells play a critical role in tumor rejection following vaccination with irradiated glioma cells. Surprisingly, glioma-specific CD4+ T cells pro...

Cutting edge: immunity and IFN-gamma production during Listeria monocytogenes infection in the absence of T-bet.

The T-box transcription factor T-bet is an important regulator of IFN-gamma production in all cell types and is considered to be essential for the generation of CD4 Th1 T cells. IFN-gamma in turn plays a critical role in immunity to many infectious agents. In this study, we demonstrate that T-bet is not required for host resistance to primary Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection. In the innate...

Murine macrophages kill the vegetative form of Bacillus anthracis.

Anti-protective antigen antibody was reported to enhance macrophage killing of ingested Bacillus anthracis spores, but it was unclear whether the antibody-mediated macrophage killing mechanism was directed against the spore itself or the vegetative form emerging from the ingested and germinating spore. To address this question, we compared the killing of germination-proficient (gp) and germinat...

CD4+ T cells mediate IFN-gamma-independent control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo.

Although IFN-gamma is necessary for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in people and animal models, it may not be sufficient to clear the infection, and IFN-gamma is not a reliable correlate of protection. To determine whether IFN-gamma-independent mechanisms of immunity exist, we developed a murine ex vivo culture system that directly evaluates the ability of splenic or lung lymp...